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Pagina principale arrow In Brief arrow Outlooks from the 37th Session of the Congress: CLRAE October 2019

Outlooks from the 37th Session of the Congress: CLRAE October 2019

Scritto da ACM
mercoledì, 27 novembre 2019

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Outlooks from the 37th Session of the Congress: CLRAE October 2019

Viewpoints by Patrick Bracker   

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(NDLR: Viewpoints express the Opinion of their Author, and are Not necessarily Endorsed by "Eurofora"

+ A Translation in French is provided hereafter). 

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The congress meeting took place in a healthy atmosphere at the Palais de l'Europe, bringing together local and regional elected representatives from the 47 member states. This year's overall theme is the role of mayors in safeguarding democracy. Wide range of topics  

However, it will have been noted that the presidency of the CM and the Minister for Territorial Cohesion are not present on Tuesday afternoon. ***

The establishment of the Republic of Tunisia's status as a partner for local democracy is part of an interfacing strategy with the region in the southern Mediterranean. The Tunisian elected officials were proud to join the discussion.

During the intervention of the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, the members of the Congress were very attentive, rather interested in the question of resources. The SG gave a brief historical overview of the common values of the organization and the common legal area. She welcomed the presence of many young people in the Chamber. During the dialogue with the members of the congress, the central question of means was raised again. She had responded clearly about the overall situation of the organization, mentioning difficulties and improvements.

Continuing her remarks, she presented some of the organization's new challenges, such as AI, cooperation with the United Nations agenda 2030, complementarity between the two pillars of the Council: the P.A. and the Congress, or the fight against radicalization and terrorism. She highlights the problem of the Council's attractiveness in terms of employment, and as regards financial matters, she indicates, without specifying them, possible development opportunities, proposing to return to the real growth rate of 0 rather than the nominal growth rate O... The difference represents a significant sum for the activities.

In the course of the discussions, it was pointed out by many elected officials that the local level is the closest to citizens. This is an obvious fact that some hierarchies sometimes tend to minimize or even forget.

Among the technical topics discussed, "the fair distribution of taxes in cross-border areas", presented by the Mayor of Metz and the President of FEDRE (Foundation for the Economy and sustainable Development of the Regions of Europe). The general discussion showed difficulties encountered such as the cost of infrastructure related to cross-border mobility, the construction of housing in host basins, social issues, care, and pensions. In the shared figures, we will retain a key statistical element relating to the asset-resident ratio: 20 years ago: 2/1, current: 1/1, future: 1/2. This evolution is explained by many parameters that have not been developed.  

When a region straddles two countries, synergies can be found between those in charge. If the border worker generates a load, -infrastructure, services... - he also brings the transfer of wealth, this has not been mentioned!

Indeed, in this debate I find that not enough has been done to defend the positive aspects of these cross-border issues: the meeting, the knowledge of each other and of local situations on the other side of the border, or the construction of joint projects... The people who travel pay for the trip, part of the price of which is intended for the depreciation of road or rail installations. By working on the other side of the border, these people do not inflate the unemployment rate problem in their own countries. Attractive salaries allow employees to make expenses in their country of origin or residence.

These real aspects seem to have been omitted by the elected representatives, who did not however forget to call for an increase in the budget for the Congress... The elected representatives declared their willingness to avoid double taxation and shared the experiences of compensation funds in some cases or co-financing in others.

In the end, cross-border cooperation is used to build bridges and projects: human, technical, school, scientific, financial, cultural... In general, things are going quite well, as in the examples cited between Germany and Switzerland, or Sweden with Denmark.

However, one weakness of the report was noted: the case of seasonal workers from the Central and Eastern European countries was not mentioned. In the Netherlands, administrative simplifications would be welcome to facilitate short trips. In summary, this report has remained focused on the issues of taxes and social insurance and represents a first step, pending the reaction of the CM. Are local authorities involved in the discussion, where are these issues left to the states?  

The speeches by Minister Ivan Malenica or the President of the PA Maury-Pasquier provided technical perspectives at the level of a state, Croatia, or of human prospective and law with a symbiotic vision or osmosis at the level of these two pillars of the Council of Europe, the PA and the Congress.

Mrs Maury-Pasquier referred to the convergence of the themes addressed by the Congress with the work of the PA: election observation in Turkey, local and regional democracy in the Russian Federation, and partnership with Tunisia. Regarding the relationship between the two bodies, she informed Congress of the ongoing development with the Committee of Ministers to establish a joint committee mechanism. The objective is to allow a joint reaction in some cases.  

A topical and sensitive thematic debate was discussed on Wednesday morning in the Chamber: "Cyber security in smart cities". The subject covered by Professor A. Prosser from the University of Vienna, who has linked the elements of technological progress, cost reduction and the prospects for multiple applications.

Various examples were cited by stakeholders from different geographical backgrounds.  The one of the Mayor of the city of Astrakhan (½ million inhabitants) with the implementation of video surveillance to reduce crime, or the modernization of cities during the Franco-Armenian forum.

A request for caution in the use of new technologies was made by the former Austrian President of the Congress and a youth delegate asked about data collection and sharing: "who owns, what use"? These few concerns expressed by some of them about freedom or data protection but also about property, represent an extension of the collective reflection of our societies and citizens.            

In response to the debate, Professor Prosser replied that he was aware of the holistic task in the face of these developments.  On the other hand, Europe is lagging behind in some vectors compared to other areas, and progress should be made on various levels: science, subject, education.

Two sensitive reports on election observation in Istanbul or local and regional democracy in the Russian Federation provided interesting insights into these issues and realities.  The speech of the Mayor of Istanbul Imamoglu was well received by the Congress, his speech being highly applauded by the members; one could feel a certain distance between the opposition members, more in favour at the European level, and the supporters of power in Turkey.  

During the plenary discussion, the head of the Turkish delegation replied to some criticism by specifying that in Strasbourg there were also police forces in the streets. He concluded by saying that his delegation rejected the report presented. The Turkish socialist elected representatives or Epp have also gone in this direction. In particular, they recalled that the Pkk is considered a terrorist group. Mayors suspended from office are suspended because of their support for this group... There is therefore an ongoing judicial investigation. Other speakers mentioned that the reality of things includes positive or worrying aspects, it was also recalled that Turkish justice exists.  

It is questionable whether the European dynamic would no longer be effective by setting an example of fundamental values while respecting the levels of societal change that exist elsewhere. At the same time, not to seek to impose its gains when societies are not ready, or have different historical or societal visions. Afterwards, you can always choose what to share and with whom.

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During his sober and professional speech, the Deputy Minister of Justice of the Russian Federation Serguei Bystrevskii gave an overview of the sociological, ethnolinguistic realities encountered in the gigantic Russian geography. 180 ethnolinguistic peoples and groups with diverse mentalities and notions of justice, citing the difficulty of establishing a democratic standard for groups ranging from 500,000 to 500 people. The proactive and dynamic administrative response takes into account the many anthropological factors to meet the needs of populations.

It can be seen that this effective management allows minorities to exist and to speak their regional or local languages. Not every member state of the Council of Europe can say the same: there is room for improvement!

During the general discussion on local and regional democracy in the Russian Federation, MP Drozdenko Epp, acknowledged that the report on the Russian situation represented an excellent follow-up work. The search for an optimal model continues with many advances. He recalled that there had been no experience in regional matters for a century. A Georgian elected official reversed the "occupation" of the territory by concealing part of the reality that had induced the existing situation.

On Thursday, the theme presented by English Dawson, relating to "the use of languages by local and regional authorities", revealed fascinating exchanges between speakers, including the narratives of some examples of the use of minority or official languages and their links between administrations and populations

This essential question, which concerns the identity of individuals, has developed around a lively and dynamic discussion. The interventions focused on the role of the mother tongue as an essential human right, an issue of communication or misunderstanding. A Turkish elected official reported that a person was lynched because he spoke Kurdish. In Hungary, a young delegate pointed out that languages belong to the European cultural heritage, which is also very useful when travelling across borders! A Serbian elected official claims that the mother tongue is a human right.

In Belgium there are some tensions between languages. As a result, the administration communicates with everyone in their own language, subject to significant % of the population. It is also noted that half of the member states have not ratified the Charter for Minority Languages...

Other examples of linguistic realities are presented, such as the loss of the heritage language for migrants, with the example of Dutch nationals in Australia. In Russia, no minority languages have been lost, the national administration provides support. After the Ukrainian Marchenko's intervention, the Russian Melnichenko replied that his Ukrainian colleague had given erroneous information and recalled the recent Russian-speaking discrimination in Ukrainian law that does not respect the UN Convention and Council of Europe standards.

Overall, during the discussions on several themes, Russian elected officials reacted to some provocative interventions by Georgian or Ukrainian elected officials. On the Russian occupation of Georgia, it should be recalled that it was Georgia that crossed the border and created the problem. Regarding the problem in eastern Ukraine, responsibility is shared on both sides of the border, with Kyiv's attitude towards the Russian language being one of the factors that contributed to the conflict in the Donbass.

With regard to these skirmishes, let us hope that the Georgian chairmanship of the Committee of Ministers will not continue a chaos similar to the Ukrainian situation proven for four years in the P.A. In this respect it was reassuring to note that the work of the CLRAE and the CM was only slightly affected by behavioural or psychological contamination, or trafficking in internal influences.  

I also hope that the organization will be able to protect itself in the future from such non-academic activities far from the atmosphere necessary for a serene and sustainable place of communication. This platform for dialogue and exchange serves to identify problems, reflect on them and find together solutions to build an architecture of interactive legal standards covering the pan-European space.

A little later, the presentation of the Congress medal was an emotional moment for the interested parties, actors and colleagues, but little external vibration compared to these self-congratulations.  

To mark the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the organization, Congress and political group leaders delivered attractive, relevant and optimistic European speeches to members of the assembly and listeners in the stands.

Throughout the week, actions related to the Congress activities were developed. The celebration of the cooperation agreement between the women mayors of Bosnia and Herzegovina, or the reception offered by the Member States parties to the cross-border cooperation: Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden and Norway, with the Russian Federation. After the speeches delivered by the personalities present in these states, a friendly and frugal reception followed, hosted by a group of musicians performing classical scores of the musicians with their string or wind instruments.

Exhibitions showed CEMR's, AER's missions or well executed cross-border programmes. These information stands also made it possible to make useful contacts and addresses, even to request documents. There was also a stand dedicated to European youth, another dedicated to "building peace together". An original presentation of a private nature participated by showing village cooperation in Europe. All these activities demonstrated the dynamics, the exemplary nature of society and the attractiveness of the pan-European organization.  

While the Congress meetings are based on fine or positive words and even dialogues where everyone expresses their point of view, the discussion is enriched by the sharing of field experiences including relevant analyses adjusted to the realities encountered. It emanates from numerous proposals for progress to consolidate or improve the situations encountered by these elected representatives in the field, the closest to the citizens.

That said, all this data collection and energy expenditure is not always rewarded within the hierarchy of the organization, neither in the Committee of Ministers nor by the Member States. These obstacles also exist at EU level, between the European Parliament and the European Council.  Some approaches, although adapted to the reality of European law, do not find the necessary response from certain states or authorities

Among others, we can mention the recommendation made to France on 22 March 2016 in the context of the reform of the regions. However, the Congress continues to carry out its studies and recommendations to the Member States on regional reforms. The Charter ratified by the 47 MS is an international treaty. It therefore has an important legal value in that it obliges signatory States to respect the principles it contains. This situation clearly reveals a legal dysfunction in the system. How to continue without correcting?

It would be advisable to improve the legal framework so that States follow the recommendations made when they are justified by returns from the field. Why not within the framework of the future joint committee?

Of course, all this is built over time in correlation with the other pillars of democracy, the rule of law and human rights, the organization of the Council of Europe and its member states.

 "A place for everything and everything in its place," Samuel Smiles. However, it would still be necessary to set up the harmonious interfaces of communication and coordination to make it work well. Otherwise, some would continue for a long time to propose good solutions adapted to realities, and others would continue to refuse them, as an opaque or interested vertical communication. This may explain the lack of progress on some of the vectors of European integration.


 There too there is room for improvement!                       

 

BP

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Aperçus de la 37ème session du Congrès: CPLRE  October 2019


By  Patrick Bracker       


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 (NDLR: Points de vues reflettent l'opinion de leurs Auteurs, et non pas necessairement celle d'"Eurofora").

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La réunion du congrès s’est déroulée dans une ambiance saine au Palais de l’Europe, réunissant les élus locaux et régionaux des 47 états membres. Le thème global traité cette année portant sur le rôle des maires pour la sauvegarde de la démocratie. Vaste sujet 


L’on aura cependant remarqué l’absence de la présidence du CM et de la ministre de la cohésion des territoires prévu mardi après midi. *


La mise en place du Statut de partenaire pour la démocratie locale de la République de Tunisie se place dans une stratégie d’interfaçage avec la région au sud de la Méditerranée. Les élus Tunisiens étaient fiers de rejoindre la discussion.


Lors de l’intervention de la Secrétaire Générale du Conseil de l’Europe, les membres du Congrès furent très attentifs, plutôt intéressés par la question  des ressources. La SG  a procédé à un rappel historique succinct quant aux valeurs communes de l’organisation et de l’espace juridique commun. Elle s’est réjouie de la présence des nombreux jeunes dans l’hémicycle. Lors du dialogue avec les membres du congrès, la question centrale des moyens est remontée. Elle avait répondu de manière claire au sujet de la situation d’ensemble de l’organisation en évoquant les difficultés, et les améliorations.


En poursuivant son propos elle présente quelques nouveaux défis de l’organisation comme l’IA, la coopération avec l’agenda 2030 des Nations Unies, la complémentarité entre les deux piliers du Conseil : l’A.P. et le CPLRE, ou la lutte contre la radicalisation et le terrorisme. Elle souligne le problème de l’attractivité du Conseil par rapport à l’emploi, et s’agissant des questions financières, elle indique  sans les préciser, d’éventuelles possibilités de développement, en proposant de revenir au taux de croissance réelle 0 plutôt que la croissance nominale O… La différence représente une somme conséquente  pour les activités.


Dans l’encours des discussions, il  été signalé par de nombreux élus que l’échelon local est le plus proche de citoyens. Il s’agit d’une évidence que certaines hiérarchies ont quelques fois tendance à minimiser, voire à oublier.


Parmi les thèmes techniques discutés, «  la répartition équitable de l’impôt dans les zones transfrontalières », présenté par la maire de Metz et le président de la FEDRE. La discussion générale a montré des difficultés rencontrées comme le coût des infrastructures liées à la mobilité transfrontalière, la construction de logements dans les bassins d‘accueil, les questions  sociales, le soin, les retraites. Dans les chiffres partagés, l’on retiendra un élément statistique clé relatif au rapport actif-résident : il y a 20 ans : 2/1, actuel: 1/1, demain: 1/2. Cette évolution s’explique par de nombreux paramètres qui n’ont pas été développés. 
Quand une région est à cheval entre deux pays, on peut trouver des synergies entre les responsables. Si le frontalier génère une charge: infrastructures, services, il apporte aussi le transfert de la richesse, cela n’a pas été évoqué !


En effet, dans ce débat je trouve que l’on n’a pas assez défendu les aspects positifs de ces questions transfrontalières : la rencontre, la connaissance les uns des autres et des situations locales de l’autre côté de la frontière, ou la construction de projets communs … Les personnes qui se déplacent payent le déplacement dont une partie du prix est destiné à l’amortissement des installations routières ou ferroviaires. En travaillant de l’autre côté de la frontière, ces personnes ne gonflent pas le problème du taux de chômage. Les salaires attractifs, permettent aux salariés d’effectuer les dépenses dans leur pays d’origine ou de résidence.


Ces aspects réels semblent avoir été omis par les élus qui n’ont cependant  pas oublié de réclamer une augmentation du budget pour le Congrès…  Les élus ont déclaré leur volonté d’éviter la double imposition et partagé les expériences de fonds de compensation dans certains cas ou de cofinancement dans d’autres.


Au final, la coopération transfrontalière sert à construire des ponts et des projets : humains, techniques, scolaires, scientifiques, financiers, culturels… En général ça se passe plutôt bien, comme dans les exemples cités entre l’Allemagne et la Suisse, ou la Suède avec le Danemark.
Une faiblesse du rapport a cependant été remarquée : le cas des travailleurs saisonniers venant des PECO n’a pas été cité. Aux Pays-Bas, des simplifications administratives seraient les bienvenues pour faciliter les déplacements courts. En résumé, ce rapport est resté centré sur les questions des impôts, des assurances sociales et représente un premier pas, en attendant la réaction du CM. Les collectivités locales entrent t’elles dans la discussion, où ces questions restent elles du ressort des états ? 


Les allocutions du Ministre Ivan Malenica ou de la présidente de l’AP Maury-Pasquier ont apporté des angles de vues technique à l’échelle d’un état, la Croatie, ou de prospective humaine et de droit avec une vision symbiotique ou d’osmose à l’échelle des ces deux piliers du Conseil de l’Europe, l’AP et le Congrès.


Madame Maury-Pasquier  a évoqué  la convergence des thèmes abordés par le Congrès avec les travaux de l’AP : l’observation des élections en Turquie, la démocratie locale et régionale en Fédération de Russie, et le partenariat avec la Tunisie. S’agissant des relations entre les deux instances, elle a informé le Congrès de l’élaboration en cours avec le comité des ministres, pour établir un  mécanisme de comité mixte. L’objectif est de  permettre une réaction conjointe dans certains cas. 


Un débat thématique d’actualité sensible à été discuté mercredi matin dans l’hémicycle : « la cyber sécurité dans les villes intelligentes ». Le sujet traité par le professeur A. Prosser de l’Université de Vienne, qui a fait le lien entre les éléments du progrès technologique, la réduction des coûts et les perspectives d’applications multiples.


 Divers exemples furent cités par les intervenants de différentes origines géographiques.  Celui de la Maire de la ville d’Astrakhan (½ millions d’habitants) avec la mise en place de la surveillance vidéo pour réduire la criminalité, ou la modernisation des villes approfondie durant le forum franco-arménien.


Une demande de prudence en regard de l’utilisation des nouvelles technologies a été faite par l’ancienne présidente autrichienne du Congrès et un jeune délégué interrogeait à propos de la collecte et partage des données : « qui détient, quelle utilisation » ? Ces quelques préoccupations affichées par les uns ou les autres  au sujet de la liberté ou de la protection des données mais aussi de la propriété, représentent le prolongement de la réflexion collective de nos sociétés et citoyens.           


En écho au débat, le professeur Prosser  à répondu qu’il était conscient de la tâche holistique face à ces évolutions. D’autre part l’Europe est en retard sur certains vecteurs par rapport à d’autres espaces, il faudrait progresser sur divers niveaux : science, matière, éducation.


Deux rapports sensibles sur l’observation d’élection à Istanbul  ou la démocratie locale et régionale en Fédération de Russie ont apporté des éclairages intéressants de ces dossiers et réalités.  L’allocution du maire d’Istanbul Imamoglu a trouvé un écho devant le Congrès, son discours étant applaudi par les membres, l’on pouvait ressentir une certaine distance entre et les membres de l’opposition plus favorables à l’échelon européen et les tenants du pouvoir en Turquie. 


Durant la discussion en plénière, le chef de la délégation turque, a répondu à quelque critique en spécifiant qu’à Strasbourg il y avait aussi des forces de l’ordre dans les rues. Il a conclu son propos en disant que sa délégation rejetait le rapport présenté. Les élus socialistes ou Ppe turcs sont allés dans ce sens également. Ils ont notamment rappelé que le Pkk est considéré comme un groupe terroriste. Les maires suspendus de leurs fonctions, le sont du fait de leur soutien à ce groupe.. Il y a donc une instruction judiciaire en cours. D’autres intervenants ont évoqué que la réalité des choses comprend des aspects positifs ou préoccupants, il a aussi été rappelé que la justice turque existe. 


L’on peut se demander si la dynamique européenne ne serait plus efficace en montrant l’exemple des valeurs fondamentales tout en respectant les niveaux d’évolutions sociétales qui existent ailleurs. Dans le même temps de ne pas chercher à imposer ses acquis lorsque les sociétés ne sont pas prêtes, ou possèdent des visions différentes, historiques ou sociétales. Après, l’on peut toujours choisir quoi partager et avec qui.


Au cours de son intervention sobre et professionnelle, le vice -ministre de la justice de la Fédération de Russie Serguei Bystrevskii a brossé un tableau d’ensemble des réalités sociologique, ethnolinguistique rencontrées dans la gigantesque géographie russe. 180 peuples et groupes ethnolinguistiques dotés de diverses mentalités et notions de la justice, en évoquant la difficulté d’établir une norme démocratique pour des ensembles allant de  500000 à 500 personnes. La réponse administrative proactive et dynamique tient compte des nombreux facteurs anthropologiques pour répondre aux besoins de populations.
L’on constate que cette gestion efficace permet aux minorités d’exister et de parler leurs langues régionales ou locales. Chaque état membre du conseil de l’Europe ne peut en dire autant : il y a des progrès à faire!


Durant la discussion générale de la démocratie locale et régionale en Fédération de Russie, le député Drozdenko Ppe a reconnu que le rapport sur la situation russe représentait un excellent travail de suivi. La recherche d’un modèle optimal se poursuit avec de nombreuses avancées. Il a rappelé qu’il n’y a pas eu d’expérience en matière régionale depuis un siècle.  Un élu géorgien est revenu sur « l’occupation » du territoire en occultant une partie de la réalité, qui avait induit la situation existante.


Jeudi le thème présenté par l’anglais Dawson, relatif à « l’usage des langues par les pouvoirs locaux et régionaux » a révélé des échanges passionnants entre les orateurs, comprenant les narrations de quelques exemples quant à l’utilisation des langues minoritaires, ou officielles et leurs articulations entre les administrations et les populations
Cette question essentielle qui touche l’identité des personnes s’est développée autour d’une discussion vivante et dynamique. Les interventions ont porté sur le rôle de la langue maternelle en tant que droit essentiel de l’Homme, enjeu de communication ou d’incompréhension. Un élu turc a signalé qu’une personne a été lynchée car elle parlait kurde. En Hongrie, un délégué jeune précise que les langues appartiennent au patrimoine culturel européen, de surcroit très utile lors de déplacements transfrontaliers ! Un élu serbe affirme que la langue maternelle fait partie des droits de l’Homme.


En Belgique quelques tensions existent entre les langues. De ce fait, l’administration communique avec chacun dans sa langue, sous réserve de % significatifs de la population. L’on fait remarquer aussi que la moitié des états membres n’ont pas ratifié la charte des langues minoritaires …


D’autres exemples des réalités linguistiques sont présentés, comme la perte de la langue d’origine pour les migrants, avec l’exemple des ressortissants des Pays-Bas en Australie. En Russie, aucune langue minoritaire n’a été perdue, l’administration nationale apporte son soutien. Après l’intervention de l’ukrainien Marchenko, le russe Melnichenko a rétorqué que son collègue ukrainien a donné des informations erronées et rappelé la discrimination russophone récente dans la loi ukrainienne qui ne respecte pas la convention de l’ONU, ni les standards du Conseil de l’Europe.


Dans l’ensemble, durant les discussions sur plusieurs thèmes, les élus russes ont réagi à quelques interventions provocatrices de la part d’élus géorgiens ou ukrainiens. Sur l’occupation russe en Géorgie, il faut rappeler que c’est la Géorgie qui a franchi la frontière et créé le problème. Concernant  la problématique dans l’est de l’Ukraine la responsabilité est partagée des deux côtés de la frontière, l’attitude de Kiev par rapport à la langue russe étant l‘un des facteurs ayant favorisé le conflit dans le Donbass.


Par rapport à ces escarmouches, espérons que la présidence géorgienne du comité des ministres ne va pas poursuivre un chaos similaire à la situation ukrainienne avérée durant quatre ans à l’A.P. A cet égard il était rassurant de constater que les travaux du CPLRE et du CM n’étaient que peu affectés par les contaminations comportementales ou psychologiques, ou les trafics d’influences internes. 


L’on espère aussi que l’organisation saura à l’avenir se prémunir de telles activités non académiques éloignées de l’ambiance nécessaire à un lieu de communication serein et pérenne. Cette plateforme de dialogue et d’échanges sert à déceler les problèmes, d’y réfléchir et de trouver ensemble les solutions pour construire une architecture de normes juridiques interactives couvrant l’espace paneuropéen.


Un peu plus tard, la remise de la médaille du Congrès était un instant rempli d’émotion pour les intéressés, acteurs et collègues, mais peu de vibration extérieure par rapport à ces autocongratulations. 


Pour marquer la célébration du 70ème anniversaire de l’organisation, les responsables du Congrès et des groupes politiques ont livré des discours européens attrayants, pertinents, teintés d’optimisme aux membres de l’assemblée et des auditeurs présents dans les tribunes.


Au long de la semaine, des actions en rapport avec les activités du Congrès ont été développées. La célébration de l’accord de coopération entre les femmes maires de Bosnie-Herzégovine, ou la réception offerte par les états membres parties au programme de coopération transfrontalières, Finlande, Estonie, Lituanie, Pologne, Suède et Norvège, avec la Fédération de Russie. Après les discours prononcés par les personnalités présentes de ces états, s’en suivait une réception conviviale et frugale, animée par un groupe de musiciens interprétant des partitions classiques les musiciens avec leurs instruments à cordes ou à vent.


Des expositions montraient les missions du CCRE, de l’ARE ou des programmes transfrontaliers bien réalisés. Ces stands d’informations permettaient également de prendre des contacts et des adresses utiles, voire de demander l’envoi de documents. Il y avait aussi un stand dédié à la jeunesse européenne, ou un autre consacré  à « construire la paix ensemble », Une présentation originale d’ordre privée participait en montrant des coopérations de villages en Europe. Toutes ces activités témoignaient de la dynamique, de l’exemplarité sociétale ou encore de l’attractivité de l’organisation paneuropéenne. 


Si les réunions du Congrès procèdent de belles paroles, positives et même des dialogues ou chacun exprime son point de vue, la discussion est enrichie par le partage des expériences de terrain comprenant des analyses pertinentes ajustées aux réalités rencontrées. Il émane de nombreuses propositions de progrès pour consolider où améliorer les situations rencontrées  par ces élus de terrain, le plus proche des citoyens.


Toute cette collecte de données et dépense d’énergie, ne sont pas toujours récompensées dans le cadre de la hiérarchie de l’organisation, ni au Comité des ministres ni par les états membres. Ces blocages existent aussi au niveau de l’UE, entre le Parlement Européen et le Conseil européen.  Certaines démarches, pourtant ajustées à la réalité du droit européen ne trouvent pas l’écho nécessaire auprès de certains états ou des Instances


Entre autres, l’on peut citer la recommandation faite à la France le 22 mars 2016 dans le cadre de la réforme des régions. Pourtant, le Congrès continue de faire ses études et recommandation aux EM sur les réformes régionales. La Charte ratifiée par les 47 EM est un traité international. Elle a donc une importante valeur juridique en ce qu'elle contraint les États signataires à respecter les principes qu'elle contient. Cette situation révèle de manière claire un disfonctionnement juridique du système. Comment continuer sans corriger ?  


Il serait judicieux de faire progresser le dispositif  légal pour que les états suivent les recommandations faites lorsqu’elles sont justifiées par les retours du terrain. Pourquoi pas dans le cadre du futur comité mixte ?
Bien entendu tout cela se construit dans la longueur du temps en corrélation avec les autres piliers de la démocratie de l’état de droit et les droits de l’Homme, l’organisation du Conseil de l’Europe et ses EM.


 « Une place pour chaque chose et chaque chose à sa place » :  Samuel Smiles. Encore faudrait-il mettre en place les interfaçages harmonieux de la communication et de la coordination pour que ça fonctionne bien. Sinon, les uns continueraient encore longtemps à proposer des bonnes solutions ajustées aux réalités, et les autres continueraient à les refuser, au titre d’une communication verticale opaque ou intéressée. Ceci peut expliquer le manque d’avancées quant à certains vecteurs de la construction européenne.

 Là aussi il y a des progrès à faire !

 


(../..)

 

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People in Europe and the World expect from CoE to make a succes of its "Monitoring" for Human Rights and Democracy, despite difficulties, said Finland's President Tarja Halonen to "EuroFora" at a crucial moment for the mecanism built 15 years ago by the paneuropean organization which celebrates its 60th Anniversary in 2009.

Halonen, known as "Mother" of CoE's "Monitoring" mecanism, a long-time MEP and former Foreign Minister before becoming Finland's President, holds a long experience in the mattter, after also serving twice as CoE and EU Chairwoman in the past. That's why she is well placed to judge how CoE's "monitoring" should deal today with some crucial issues of importance both to CoE and to the EU.

The move came just a Month before a crucial, last visit to Turkey, scheduled for June, by the President of CoE''s "Monitoring" Committee, Ukranian MEP Serge Holovaty, to finalize his Report on Ankara, the CoE Member State with the longest Monitoring procedure. From its results depends its overall credibility.

This is a Test-case, because, in fact, it's in order to avoid Sanctions threatened against Turkey by a CoE's Assembly's April 1995 Resolution for grave Human Rights violations, Democracy gaps, the continuing Military Occupation in Cyprus, the unresolved Kurdish problem, Aegean differend with Greece, etc., that MEPs decided to create, for the 1st time on April 1996, a "Monitoring" proces, allegedly destinated to check, without excluding Countries who did not fulfill all CoE's standards.

In the Past, the obliged withdrawal of Greece's Military regime and of its "Civil" cover-up out of the CoE had helped bring back Democracy in 1974. But, on the contrary, since April 1996, the idea was to "monitor" Human Rights' respect while keeping most concerned Countries inside the CoE. After Turkey's oldest example, this was extended also to several former "Eastern" European Countries, even if CoE's Assembly has imposed to some of them (fex. Ukraine, Russia, etc., after Belarus, Serbia, etc) various "Sanctions", that Ankara always avoided. Curiously more succesful even than .. USA itself, (a CoE "Observer" since 1995), which has been at least threatened with sanctions some years ago..

EU-effects of CoE's Monitoring process became obvious between 2001-2008, since the "closure" of this procedure, when CoE felt that a Country had met most of its Human Rights, Democracy and Rule of Law obligations, (i.e. the "Copenhagen Criteria" for the EU), helped trigger Negotiations with the EU for "Accession" or other closer relations : This occured already before the 2004 and 2007 EU Enlargements to former "Eastern" European Countries, as well as for the commencement of "accession" negotiations with Croatia, and of "open-ended" negotiations with Turkey in 2005.

    But a stricking new development are Holovaty's recent findings that on core Human Rights issues as Torture and Freedom of Expression, Turkey, even "5 Years after" CoE closed its "Monitoring", back in 2004, inciting EU to start accession Negotiations in 2005, still presents grave problems.

    His findings are of crucial importance after a 2008 CoE Resolution called, "if need be", to "seriously consider the possibility of Re-Opening the Monitoring procedure for Turkey" : A move which might affect Ankara's controversial EU bid, since EU Accession Negotiations are based on the Hypothesis that the Candidate fullfils the "Copenhagen Criteria" (See above)..
-------------------------
    Holovaty expressed his will to check  "Matters still Outstanding" and  those that he "didn't have an opportunity to discuss" at an earlier visit this year, "in order to discuss the more complex issues in greater depth", at his forthcoming New Visit to Ankara, before the December 2009 EU Summit.  This is all based on the 2004 CoE Resolution which stresses that, CoE "will continue.. post-monitoring Dialogue with the Turkish authorities,...in addition to a 12-points list,..and on any Other Matter that might arise in connection with Turkey’s Obligations as a CoE member state".

    CoE's Resolution also asks  from Turkey "to secure the proper Implementation of Judgements, particularly in the Cyprus v. Turkey InterState case", of 2001, which concerns also the plight of many Hundreds of MISSING People. It adds Turkey's obligations to "execute" ECHR's Judgements in the Loizidou case,..and in particular adopt General Measures to avoid repetition or continuation of Violations found by the Court" to the detriment of Refugees.

    Nevertheless, Holovaty said to "EuroFora" that "MISSING" persons,"might be included" and cannot be excluded, but he has yet to examine the situation "to find out  which issues will be raised" to the Turkish Government.

    Therefore, "EuroFora" asked Halonen, as the Historic "Mother" of CoE's Monitoring mecanism, if she thought that, "whenever there are grave Human Rights Violations, as fex. "MISSING" persons, attested even by ECHR's judgements, they should be always checked by a Monitoring process. Or could they be forgotten ?"
    
     - "We (CoE) must be, at the same time, Fair, Realistic, but not in the mind that "now we have Forgotten", etc., replied to "EuroFora"'s question Halonen, speaking as a matter of general principle.

    - "When we think of those People that are suffering from the lack of Democracy, of Human Rights, and of the Rule of Law", "we should find a base on how to deal with the (Monitoring) system more rapidly"', she stressed.

    - "Sometimes it's very difficult to combine Transparency and Effectivenes together, particularly in this specific case", she went on to say. But, "I have not found a (CoE Member) Country who could be insensitive in this sens", Halonen answered concerning grave Human Rights violations attested by the ECHR.

    - "I have no ready-made answer. I have the expectations that you, in the CoE, will, step by step, find the different types of the monitoring systems."

    Also "because this is a part of the UN's Post-Conflict system, (fex. when it comes to Cyprus' MISSING persons), and it's a more Global system". So that, "If we make a succes in Europe, the others will follow", throughout the World.  "But they expect that we (Europe) are this opportunity, this Opportunity to make a Succes", Halonen concluded.

    In addition, she advised to extend CoE's Monitoring to all its 47 Member States, "because, as long as we hear that, all these monitoring systems are "OK for the neighbor, but not for me", "it's very difficult" to understand. Something which could make easier to Compare...

    Finnish MEP Jaako Laakso, former CoE Rapporteur on the Occupied Territories of Cyprus and one of the 5 Signatories of the Historic CoE's call to create the "MONITORING" mecanism since 1996, was more specific :  - "We (CoE Assembly) have to find a way for the issue of Cyprus' MISSING People to be better followed", he stressed, anouncing his intention to "speak to Mr. Holovaty" about that. "There might be also other ways", added Laakso.

    - The 2008 "Year had been a very Bad one for Turkey with regard to Human Rights in general, and Freedom of Expression in particular", denounced, meanwhile, Holovaty's preliminary Post-Monitoringh Draft Report by Holovaty, published by the CoE on April 2009.

    "Amnesty International believes that freedom of expression is not guaranteed given the various articles of the Criminal Code that restrict it. .. "For example, 1,300 Websites are said to have been closed down by the (Turkish) authorities in 2008" ! While "the new Turkish Criminal Code was used to bring a total of 1,072 proceedings between June 2005 and April 2008, and led to the conviction of 192 people", for expressing views. "Representatives of the Özgür Gündem newspaper, which specialises in Kurdish affairs, ..complained about Numerous Attacks on their Freedom of Expression ...as was everyone who advocated a settlement to the question by means other than the intervention of the army" "According to their figures, 19 Newspapers had been suspended 43 times between 4 August 2006 and 4 November 2008" !...

    Moreover, on 2008,  CoE's "Ministers adopted its 4rth Resolution on the execution of the judgments of the ECHR, ...and outstanding issues regarding 175 Judgements and decisions relating to Turkey delivered between 1996 and 2008...  concerning Deaths resulting from the excessive use of force by members of the Security forces, the failure to protect the right to life, the DIisappearance and/or death of individuals, Ill-Treatment and the Destruction of property". CoE's " Ministers urged the Turkish authorities ...to ensure that members of Security forces of all ranks can be prosecuted without administrative
authorisation" for "serious crimes". Holovaty reminded.

"Nonetheless", Holovaty heard anew of "Several cases of Violence committed last year (2008) by the (Turkish) security forces". Amnesty International speaks of Many Cases of ill-treatment and Torture in the prisons and by the police". "Including, fex."'the death of Engin Ceber, a young man of 29 who died on October 2008 as a result of the TORTURE allegedly inflicted on him by police officers, prison staff and members of the gendarmerie. He was part of a group of people arrested on September 2008 during a demonstration and Press Conference in Istanbul'. Proceedings against suspects are "on-going" in this case.

- " I therefore noted an Obvious Contradiction between the Government’s stated “zero tolerance” policy.... of Torture and other forms of ill-treatment, and the different testimonies given", denounced CoE's Rapporteur.  Turkish "authorities must make considerable efforts to guarantee that proper investigations are carried out into allegations of abuses by members of the security forces and that perpetrators are effectively punished" "In this respect, I have requested detailed Statistics on the number of Investigations, acquittals and convictions in cases involving allegations of abuse in order to show the positive impact of the measures taken to date", Holovaty said, repeating a permanently unsatisfied CoE's demand to Turkey since a Decade...

    - "The Political Crisis that shook the country in the spring of 2008 highlighted the Weaknesses of the (Turkish) Constitution", which comes from the Military regime of 1982, "and the Urgent Need of Reforms", stressed from the outset CoE's Rapporteur in 2009. In particular, "the ...Democratic functioning of state institutions, including the independence of the judicial system, are crucial", he observes.

    But, "the Electoral  system and the ways in which it is circumvented do not appear to give those elected complete Legitimacy, and tend to pervert the course of direct universal suffrage", denounces Holovaty, observing that, even 5 Years later, Turkey did not yet change the 10% nationwide Threshold for a party to take any seat, which is "far higher" than the "3%" maximum in Europe and already condemned as contrary to European Standards by the CoE.

    + Moreover, EU Parliament's 2009 Report on Turkey, drafted by Dutch MEP Ria Oomen-Ruijten and adopted in Strasbourg on March, expresses "Concern over the Failure of the (Turkish) Judiciary to prosecute cases of Torture and Ill-treatment, the Number of which is Growing". EU also "is concerned about continuing Hostility and Violence against Minorities" in Turkey. It also "calls on the Turkish Government to launch, as a matter of Priority, a Political Initiatve favouring a lasting Settlement of the Kurdish issue, (while "condemning violence.. and terrorist groups"). EU "regrets that No progress has been made on establishing full, systematic Civilian suprevisory functions over the (Turkish) Military".

    The final results of Holovaty's 2nd and last visit to Turkley will be known later this year, and, at any case, before EU's December 2009 Summit.

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